Predictors of Positive Subxiphoid Pericardial Window in Stable Patients with Penetrating Injuries to the Precordial Region

  • Sánchez Á
  • Puyana J
  • García A
  • et al.
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Abstract

BACKGROUND Subxiphoid pericardial window (SPW) remains a valuable diagnostic tool for patients at risk of occult cardiac injuries. However, how to select patients that could benefit from this procedure remains unclear. We aimed to identify clinical predictors of positive SPW in patients with penetrating precordial injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective data collection of 183 patients who underwent SPW for the exclusion of penetrating cardiac injuries during 2002 - 2004 at a level I trauma centre in Cali, Colombia. Patient's demographics, clinical characteristics, and injury information were obtained. Independent predictors of positive SPW were assessed using stepwise logistic regressions. RESULTS There were 41 positive SPW (22.4%). Unadjusted analyses demonstrated that stab/knife wounds (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.17-5.25, p = 0.017), single wound (OR 14.61, 95% CI 1.9-110, p = 0.009), and clinical signs of pericardiac tamponade (OR 8.52, 95% CI 3.92-18.4, p < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of positive SPW. Conversely, systolic blood pressure (0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99) and stable physiological index (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.14-0.65, p = 0.002) were associated with decreased odds. In multivariable analyses, signs of pericardiac tamponade (OR 6.37, 95% CI 2.78-14.6, p < 0.001), and single injuries (OR 12.99, 95% CI 1.6-102.7, p = 0.015) remained as independent predictors of positive SPW. CONCLUSION Emphasis on early recognition of the clinical signs of pericardiac tamponade could be the most important factor for the identification of occult cardiac injuries. Patients with multiple wounds to the precordial region who reached the hospital may not benefit from a SPW. However, high level of awareness is important because the incidence of occult cardiac injuries is not negligible. ANTECEDENTES La ventana pericárdica subxifoidea (SPW) sigue siendo una valiosa herramienta de diagnóstico para los pacientes con riesgo de lesiones cardíacas ocultas. Sin embargo, la forma de seleccionar a los pacientes que podrían beneficiarse de este procedimiento sigue siendo poco clara. El objetivo fue identificar predictores clínicos de SPW positivos en pacientes con lesiones penetrantes precordiales. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Recolección de datos prospectivos de 183 pacientes a los que se le realizo SPW para la exclusión de lesiones cardiacas penetrantes durante el 2002 hasta 2004 en un centro de trauma de nivel I en Cali, Colombia. Se obtuvo datos demográficos del paciente, características clínicas y la lesión. Los predictores independientes de SPW positivo se evaluaron mediante regresión logística paso a paso. RESULTADOS Hubo 41 positivos para SPW (22,4%). Análisis no ajustados demostraron que las heridas de arma blanca/cuchillo (OR 2.48, IC 95%: 1,17 a 5,25; p = 0,017), sola herida (OR 14,61; IC del 95%: 1,9 a 110, p = 0,009), y los signos clínicos de taponamiento pericárdico (OR 8,52, IC 95% 3,92 a 18,4, p < 0,001) se asociaron con mayores probabilidades de un SPW positivo. Por el contrario, la presión arterial sistólica (CI 0,98, 95%: 0,96 a 0,99) y el índice fisiológico estable (OR 0,31; IC del 95%: 0,14 a 0,65; p = 0,002) se asociaron con una disminución de las probabilidades. En el análisis multivariable, los signos de taponamiento pericárdico (OR 6,37; IC del 95%: 2,78 a 14,6, p < 0,001), y lesiones individuales (OR 12,99, 95% CI 1,6 a 102,7, p = 0,015) permanecieron como predictores independientes del SPW positivo. CONCLUSIÓN El énfasis en el reconocimiento temprano de los signos clínicos de taponamiento pericárdico podría ser el factor más importante para la identificación de las lesiones cardíacas ocultas. Los pacientes con múltiples heridas en la región del pecho que llegaron al hospital no se pueden beneficiar de un SPW. Sin embargo, un alto nivel de conciencia es importante porque la incidencia de las lesiones cardíacas ocultas no es despreciable.

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APA

Sánchez, Á. I., Puyana, J. C., García, A. F., & Velsquez, M. (2016). Predictors of Positive Subxiphoid Pericardial Window in Stable Patients with Penetrating Injuries to the Precordial Region. Panamerican Journal of Trauma, Critical Care & Emergency Surgery, 5(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10030-1142

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