Stabilization of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles: Role of Polymers and Surfactants

Abstract

In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a novel tool for application in various fields of electronics, photonics, magnetic, biomedicine, optics, etc. The ability of nanoparticles to serve as a versatile application tool could be attributed to their unique physicochemical characteristics that significantly differ from their bulk counterparts. Nevertheless, their tendency toward aggregation results in reduced reactivity and longevity which in turn exerts negative impact on their application potential. To overcome this constraint, several surface modifications and particle stabilization methods have been developed using various kind additives such as surfactants, polymers, water-soluble starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyacrylic acid, etc. These additives effectively control the shape and size of nanoparticles, enhance nanoparticles' stability and mobility, and thereby increase the nanoparticle efficiency. The present chapter provides a brief overview of recent developments in stabilization methods, modification approaches, additives used for stabilization of nanoparticles with special reference to polymers and surfactants, and their mechanism of action. The significance of different additives in relation to nanoparticle efficiency in degrading/reducing environmental contaminants will also be addressed.