Liquid junction potentials

Abstract

The liquid junction potential (LJP), as considered in relation to practical aspects of reference electrodes, is a rather bothering experimental problem. The additional and always unknown potential drop between the electrolytes of the electrode under study and of the reference electrode is harmful for the accuracy of potential measurements. In addition, the existence of this drop disturbs the equilibrium in the circuit (if any) and complicates stabilization of nonequilibrium systems.