From Measurement Theory to Indicator Theory

Abstract

Although the focus of the monograph is on indicators, this chapter “takes a step back”, (re)analysing the concept of measurementmeasurement in the broadest sense. Precisely, the first part of the chapter recalls the historical evolution of this concept, focusing on physical measurements and their unification. Subsequently, the attention shifts on the theory of measurement by Stevens and several other measurement theorists, who had the great merit of extending the concept of measurement beyond physical quantities, identifying important properties, implications, and (mis)uses. Particular attention is paid to the concept of meaningfulness of statements using measurement scales. Then, the rest of the chapter develops an original theory of indicator, showing that measurements can be seen as “special” indicators. The concept of non-uniqueness of representation by means of indicators is also explained. The description is supported by several practical examples.