CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies for Migraine: Rationale and Progress

Abstract

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide abundant in the trigeminal system and widely expressed in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, has recently emerged as a promising target for migraine management. While known as a potent arterial vasodilator, the role of CGRP in migraine is likely mediated by modulating nociception and sustaining neurogenic inflammation that leads to further peripheral and central pain sensitization. Functional blockade of CGRP, which involves either CGRP receptor antagonists or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to CGRP or its receptor, has recently shown clinical efficacy in migraine management. The site of action, although still being studied, is likely in nervous system structures outside the blood–brain barrier. To date, four CGRP function-blocking mAbs (three target CGRP and one targets the CGRP receptor) are under clinical investigation for migraine prophylaxis. Phase II and III studies were promising with favorable safety profiles. CGRP function-blocking mAbs may potentially revolutionize the management of migraine. This review discusses in depth the fundamental role of CGRP in migraine pathogenesis as well as the clinical efficacy of CGRP function-blocking mAbs.