A new way of controlling human face animation and synchronizing speech is proposed. It is based on the concept of abstract muscle action procedure (AMA procedure). An AMA procedure is a specialized procedure which simulates the specific action of a face muscle. This paper describes the new technique and presents a methodology for animating the face of synthetic actors based on three levels: the AMA-procedure level, the expression level and the script level. The role of multiple tracks is also emphasized. Practical examples are also explained in detail, based on the film Rendez-vous à Montréal with the synthetic actors Marilyn Monroe and Humphrey Bogart. © 1988 Springer-Verlag.
CITATION STYLE
Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Primeau, E., & Thalmann, D. (1988). Abstract muscle action procedures for human face animation. The Visual Computer, 3(5), 290–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01914864
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