Hybrid Car Powertrains: A Review and Analysis

Abstract

The paper considers the peculiarities of the different connection options between internal combustion engines and electric machines in the drives of hybrid electric cars. Schemes of hybrid transmissions, realized on specific cars or offered by leading manufacturers in this field, are analyzed analytically and graphically. For these schemes are systematized the possible modes of operation, which are obtained by including different combinations of friction elements (brakes and clutches) when working only on internal combustion engine, only on electric machines or both types of drive simultaneously. Methods for determining the gear ratios of the mechanical part when they are constant and for estimating the influence of the speed of rotation of electrical machines on the total gear ratio of the circuit when it changes smoothly in a certain range are shown.