Out-migration of immigrants in Spain

Abstract

Spain has an eventful migration history. After seven decades as an\remigration country from the beginning of the last century to the\r1970s, it become the leading immigration country of the European\rUnion in the early twenty-first century, with annual net migration of\rmore than 700,000 people in 2007. The economic crisis of 2008 put\ran end to this situation, and net migration became negative in 2012.\rThe number of entrants dwindled, and many residents –immigrants in\rparticular– started leaving the country. This movement of “immigrant\rout-migration” is analysed here by Gemma Larramona using data from\rthe Spanish population registers which record departures from the\rcountry. She distinguishes between return and non-return migration\rof immigrants, and analyses the determinants of these two types\rof out-migration: individual characteristics of migrants, economic\rcharacteristics of origin and destination countries.