Problem Structures of Bioenergy Policy in the Power and Heat Sector in Germany

Abstract

The nature of problems and how they are perceived (problem structures) are decisive factors for the course and outcome of a political process. For this reason, the analysis of the properties of problems is a subject of the scientific sub-discipline policy analysis. Problems can be classified according to different categories, such as complexity (simple, complex, wicked, superwicked problems), long-term or short-term nature or based on their importance for the economy. This article initially gives an overview of different theoretical classification systems from diverse disciplines such as political science, management science, economics and design. Following this, the problem structures of bioenergy policy in the power and heat sector in Germany are analyzed based on these theoretical considerations and based on the results of an empirical case study, which has been conducted in the frame of the research project “Bio- Ecopoli”. The aim of the contribution is to uncover causal mechanisms in political processes of bioenergy policy in Germany and to better understand this regulatory area, which is regarded as a sub-area of bioeconomy policy here. The analysis shows that problems of bioenergy policy can be classified as wicked problems due to their high level of complexity, the unclear definition of the problem and the differing views on suitable political solutions. According to the results of the analysis, three main factors will influence political processes of bioenergy policy in the future: Acceptance, distribution of power and framing.