Smoking Affects the Patterns of Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with First-Episode Drug-Naive Schizophrenia: A Large Sample Study Based on the Chinese Han Population

Abstract

Objective: Although metabolic disorders and smoking are common in schizophrenia, few studies have investigated the effects of smoking on metabolic disorders or metabolic syndrome (MetS) in schizophrenia patients, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. We sought to investigate the differences in metabolic disorders and MetS between smoking and nonsmoking FEDN schizophrenia patients. Methods: A total of 428 FEDN schizophrenia patients and 435 controls were recruited. Blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles, and glucose metabolism were measured. The psychopathology was evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Results: FEDN schizophrenia patients had a higher smoking rate than controls (23.8% vs 14.0%, P