Tumor organoid model of colorectal cancer (Review)

Abstract

The establishment of self-organizing 'mini-gut' organoid models has brought about a significant breakthrough in biomedical research. Patient-derived tumor organoids have emerged as valuable tools for preclinical studies, offering the retention of genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the original tumor. These organoids have applications in various research areas, including in vitro modelling, drug discovery and personalized medicine. The present review provided an overview of intestinal organoids, focusing on their unique characteristics and current understanding. The progress made in colorectal cancer (CRC) organoid models was then delved into, discussing their role in drug development and personalized medicine. For instance, it has been indicated that patient-derived tumor organoids are able to predict response to irinotecan-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Furthermore, the limitations and challenges associated with current CRC organoid models were addressed, along with proposed strategies for enhancing their utility in future basic and translational research. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Organoid definition 3. History of intestinal organoids 4. CRC organoid 5. Applications of organoids for CRC 6. Tumor heterogeneity in CRC organoids 7. Application of organoids to simulate colorectal carcinogenesis 8. Establishment of a living biobank of CRC organoids 9. Organoids in the treatment of CRC 10. Limitations of CRC organoids and solutions 11. Coculture with fibroblasts 12. Coculture with immune cells 13. CRC organoids on a chip 14. Conclusion