Vestibularmigraine-a challenging clinical entity rhinoscleroma-a rare granulomatous disease in a child

Abstract

Vestibular migraine (VM) is a distinct clinical entity which accounts for major vestibular symptoms among the adult and children. It is presently thought of as a major etiology for episodic dizziness. The pathophysiology for VM is not completely understood and is always a puzzling dilemma. Patients often present with vertigo, headache, photophobia, and phonophobia. The clinical examinations and laboratory investigations are usually within normal limits. The diagnosis of VM is often challenging as there are no confirmatory tests available. The treatment is often similar to the migraine headache. The present-day management is to take the similar prophylactic medications needed for migraines such as beta-blockers, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants drugs. It is always a challenging disease for clinicians and often creates a puzzle for diagnosis and treatment. Accurate management of VM needs a proper understanding of the present literature which are discussed details in this review article.