Socket preservation procedure after tooth extraction

Abstract

Various materials are used in modern dental and maxillofacial surgery for bone tissue substitution and reconstruction. All osteoplastic materials can be divided into four groups by origin: autogenic, allogenic, xenogenic and synthetic. Synthetic resorbable materials were intended as an inexpensive substitute for natural bone. Synthetic graft materials include various types of ceramics: tricalcium phosphate; bioglass; hydroxyapatite and its compositions with collagen, sulphated glycosaminoglycans such as keratan and chrondroitin sulphates well as with sulphate and calcium phosphate. Jaw deformities from tooth removal can be prevented and repaired by a procedure called socket preservation. The procedure begins with atraumatic tooth extraction. Every attempt is made to preserve the surrounding bone and soft tissue, with an emphasis on being careful not to fracture the delicate buccal plate. There are a number of techniques and instruments that aid in this process. In general, one never wants to elevate so that force is directed toward the buccal plate. It is important that good bleeding is established in the socket. Next, a bone graft material is placed into the socket and covered with a resorbable or non-resorbable membrane and sutured. Most importantly, socket preservation helps to maintain the alveolar architecture and significantly reduces the loss of ridge width and height following tooth removal. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.