Low Profile Multi-Slot Loaded Antenna with Enhanced Gain-to-Volume Ratio and Efficiency

Abstract

A printed circuit board (PCB) implementable multi-slot loaded antenna with a low-profile air-gapped structure for both gain and efficiency enhancement is proposed. The proposed planar antenna is configured by the upper substrate with a radiation patch separated from the lower substrate consisting of a pair of matching pads and a ground plane by the air-gap. The radiation patch on the upper substrate is loaded by two rectangular slots and a single narrow slot with a symmetrically placed feed point and a shorting pin. The narrow slot on the center of the radiation patch with the shorting pin improves both gain and radiation efficiency. The pair of two additional rectangular slots increase the gain while maintaining the required air-gap very low. Further, the symmetric matching pads are integrated along the feed and shorting vias to improve the realized antenna gain for the whole operation band. As a result, the proposed structure obtains a high gain-to-volume ratio as well as the enhanced efficiency. The proposed structure was fabricated at 5.9 GHz with the overall volume of $1.08\,\,\lambda _{0} \times 1.08\,\,\lambda _{0} \times 0.05\,\,\lambda _{0}$ (55 mm $\times55$ mm $\times 2.7$ mm) including the whole ground plane. The measured antenna gain was 9.4 dBi at 5.9 GHz verifying the high realized gain-to-volume ratio. Also, the measured half power beamwidths in E and H planes were about 72° and 74°, respectively. Lastly, the measured 10-dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed structure showed approximately 5.5 %.