Leishmaniasis

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a chronic protozoal disease caused by Leishmania spp. and transmitted by the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sand fly. It may manifest in three clinical distinct forms: visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL), and mucocutaneous (MCL) leishmaniasis. Variations occur in different climates and ecological zones. Infection is endemic in several countries, especially in Asia, Africa, and South America. Most cases are reported in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, India, Iran, Nepal, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Syria. Prevalence of CL and ML is higher than VL.