Vitamin A nutritional status in patients with coronary artery disease and its correlation with the severity of the disease

Abstract

Indroduction: the purpose of this study was to assess the vitamin A (VA) nutritional status of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its correlation with the severity of the disease, taking into consideration zinc concentration and oxidative stress. Methods: the patients were preoperative inpatients awaiting myocardial revascularization surgery. The serum concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, zinc, malondialdehyde (MDA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were quantified. CAD severity was assessed by cineangiography, observing the parameters of severity, extent and occlusion. An echocardiogram was performed to assess the ejection fraction. Results: ninety individuals were studied (64.5 ± 9.6 years). Zinc did not correlate with retinol (r =-0.009/p = 0.40), β-carotene (r =-0.06/p = 0.73) or MDA (r = 0.03/p = 0.70), but zinc deficiency was more frequent amongst the patients with high MDA (quartiles 50 and 75). CRP was found to be associated with retinol (x 2 = 3.95/p = 0.04). The individuals with retinol deficiency had more severe CAD, and β-carotene diminished as the extent score rose, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.12). The degree of severity was associated to extent (x 2 = 67.9)/(p < 0.001), occlusion (x 2 = 34.5/p < 0.001) and CRP (x 2 = 5.9/p = 0.05), while extent was associated with MDA (x 2 = 42.1)/(p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the ejection fraction and β-carotene (r = 0.42/p = 0.02). Conclusion: findings from this study indicate that chronic inflammation resulting from atherosclerosis is related to disease severity and consequent influence on nutritional status of VA.