Electronics and control for atomic force microscopy

Abstract

We introduce the time domain and the frequency domain approaches to electronic signals. Then we discuss some basic electronic components, such as voltage divider, low-pass filter, and operational amplifier. We continue to discuss topics more closely related to atomic force microscopy such as the feedback electronics, which in AFM serves to stabilize the tip-sample distance. We close this chapter on electronics by discussing how digital-to-analog converters and analog-to-digital converters work in principle.