Oxygen-mediated growth enhancement of an obligate anaerobic archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1

Abstract

Thermococcus onnurineus NA1, an obligate anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon, showed variable oxygen (O 2 ) sensitivity depending on the types of substrate employed as an energy source. Unexpectedly, the culture with yeast extract as a sole energy source showed enhanced growth by 2-fold in the presence of O 2 . Genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed the upregulation of several antioxidant-related genes encoding thioredoxin peroxidase (TON_0862), rubrerythrin (TON_0864), rubrerythrin-related protein (TON_0873), NAD(P)H rubredoxin oxidoreductase (TON_0865), or thioredoxin reductase (TON_1603), which can couple the detoxification of reactive oxygen species with the regeneration of NAD(P) + from NAD(P)H. We present a plausible mechanism by which O 2 serves to maintain the intracellular redox balance. This study demonstrates an unusual strategy of an obligate anaerobe underlying O 2 -mediated growth enhancement despite not having heme-based or cytochrome-type proteins.