The origins of the theory of random graphs are easy to pin down. Undoubtedly one should look at a sequence of eight papers co-authored by two great mathematicians: Paul Erdős and Alfred Rényi, published between 1959 and 1968:
CITATION STYLE
Karoński, M., & Ruciński, A. (2013). The origins of the theory of random graphs. In The Mathematics of Paul Erdos I, Second Edition (pp. 371–397). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7258-2_23
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