Effects of Functional Foot Orthoses and Taping Interventions on Pain, Function, and Plantar Pressure for Adult Hallux Valgus: A Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction No recent review of the literature has investigated the effects of dynamic weight-bearing interventions for hallux valgus (HV) deformity, nor has research identified a preferred conservative treatment. This review studied the effectiveness of functional foot orthoses or taping in adults seeking care for HV. The outcomes examined were pain, function, and change in plantar pressures. Materials and Methods The literature was searched up to February 1, 2019, to identify relevant studies that treated adult HV with functional foot orthoses or taping and reported outcomes of pain, function, or the redistribution of plantar pressures. Pain and function were evaluated with a standardized mean difference effect size calculation; change in plantar pressures attributed to interventions was reported descriptively. Results Seven studies were identified for review. Five studies reported improved (pooled effect size, ≥0.89) pain or function outcomes for up to 6 months. Two studies that reported only plantar pressure measurements identified reduced loading under the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Conclusions Treatment with functional foot orthoses and taping reduced pain and function impairments in patients with HV over the short term (6 months), with no adverse outcomes reported. Although the actual mechanism is unknown, studies reporting plantar pressures indicate that load is transferred away from the area of deformity. Foot orthoses were identified as the preferred treatment, with tape considered an option for clinical assessment or temporary pain relief. Because of the progressive nature of deformity, the impairments, although improved with treatment (pooled effect size, ≥0.89), may not necessarily be lasting.