T cell receptor-ζ and granzyme B expression in mononuclear cell infiltrates in normal colon mucosa and colon carcinoma

Abstract

Background - Whereas the presence of a lymphoid infiltrate has been associated with a favourable prognosis in colorectal carcinoma, the proliferative and cytotoxic responses of freshly isolated tumour infiltrating lymphocytes are frequently impaired. In mice, tumour induced immune suppression has been associated with a decreased expression of the ζ-chain of the T cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex, and loss of mRNA for granzyme B. Aim - To compare the expression of TCR-ζ and granzyme B in lymphocytes infiltrating normal colonic mucosa and Dukes's A and D colorectal carcinomas. Specimens - Paraffin wax embedded normal (n = 10) and malignant colonic mucosa (seven Dukes's A, nine Dukes's D). Method - Immunohistochemistry. Results - The numbers of TCR-ζ+ lymphocytes decreased from normal mucosa to Dukes's D carcinomas. In contrast, granzyme B+ lymphocytes were more frequent in Dukes's A carcinomas than in normal mucosa, but disappeared from advanced stage tumours. Granzyme B expressing cells were mainly CD3- (natural killer/lymphokine activated killer cells) in normal mucosa, but CD3+ in tumours, indicating the presence of activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In vitro culture of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes rapidly restored the expression of both molecules. Conclusion - The frequency of TCR-ζ+ and granzyme B+ lymphocytes is decreased in advanced stage colorectal carcinomas. The restoration of expression during in vitro stimulation suggests the presence of tumour derived suppressive factors in situ.