A critical survey on fractal wearable antennas with enhanced gain and bandwidth for wban

Abstract

Due to the increasing demand for wearable technology in wireless communication, the consumer demand for multiple operational bands, low cost, increased gain, wideband, and electrically low volume antenna raises gradually. On the other hand, the wearable antenna suffers from the effects of bending, crumpling, and operable electromagnetic exposure limits as it is conformal to the human body. These difficulties can be justified by the procedure of creating fractal-like structures on flexible antennas for wearable applications at various wireless standards. In this survey first, a comparison study has been made of different fractal geometry antennas on wearable fabric substrates, the techniques to improve the bandwidth and gain of such antennas, which follows the discussion of groundbreaking features and approaches in slackening these issues that are anticipated recently by the researchers in this field. These specified antennas can found applications in Wi-Fi, WLAN, and various wireless standards.