Part IV commentary: Outcomes of engagement and engagement as an outcome: Some consensus, divergences, and unanswered questions

Abstract

The well-respected engagement scholar, Michel Janosz, shared his thoughts on the chapters in Part IV of this volume. His commentary articulated the areas of agreement and disagreement across scholars regarding the conceptualization of engagement and views on engagement as a process or outcome. He argued for the consideration of (1) the contexts of engagement and understanding the relations between engagement in the classroom and engagement in school; (2) systematic study of the roles of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral engagement; (3) investigation of the relation of engagement with other aspects of psychosocial and neurobiological development; and (4) exploration of engagement within a categorical and person-centered approach in addition to the predominant dimensional and variable-oriented perspective.