Description of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with kidney stones

Abstract

Background: Kidney stones are accumulations or mineral deposits that form in the calyces, renal pelvis, or urinary tract. Purpose: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a sample of patients with kidney stones over 18 years of age. Methodology: Descriptive observational study. Patients treated in an outpatient nephrology and urology consultation in Manizales during the years 2010 to 2020, in which there were studies in blood, 24-hour urine, and a physicochemical study of the stone, as well as related sociodemographic and clinical data. They were divided into groups, according to the findings found in the available stones, dividing into calcium oxalate in its entirety, calcium mixed with another compound and the last group of non-calcium stone. Results: 54 patients with nephrolithiasis were identified, 14 of them were excluded. Finally, 40 patients met the inclusion criteria. Median age was 52.5 years, male predominance (55 %), hyperuricemia was found in 20.5 %, hypercalcemia in 17.6 %, hyperphosphatemia in 5 % and hyperkalemia in 7.5 %. In urine, hypocitraturia was found in 71.1 %, followed by hypercalciuria (12.5 %), hyperuricosuria (10 %), and hyperoxaluria (5 %). In 17 patients (42.5 %) there was a result of the physicochemical composition of the stone, in them the mixed calcium variety was the most frequent (55.5 %). Conclusions: This study describes the characteristics of patients with kidney stones, showing that the majority have metabolic alterations associated with nephrolithiasis, hypocitraturia being the most frequent finding, and that most stones have calcium in their composition.