Changing Governance of the Public Sciences

Abstract

Many recent discussions of state science and technology policies in OECD economies since the end of the Second World War have distinguished a number of distant phases or ‘paradigms’ (Ruivo 1994) in state-science relations, which reflected both different perceptions of the role of scientific research in industrialised societies and changes in the size and complexity of the public science systems (see e.g. Brooks 1990; Freeman and Soete 1997: 374-395; Martin 2003).