Halophilic microorganisms as sources of novel enzymes

Abstract

Search for new enzymes endowed with novel activities and enhanced stability continues to be a desirable pursuit in enzyme research. This is fuelled by industrial requirements and necessity of enzymatic interventions therein. Halophiles, a class of extremophiles inhabiting high salt conditions, are excellent source of enzymes possessing inherent ability to function in extreme conditions viz. high salt, alkaline pH and non-aqueous medium. Their biotechnological applications have been quite promising in food processing, industrial bioconversions and bioremediations. The chapter describes some of the novel halophilic enzymes and their potential usages in facilitating catalysis under harsh operational conditions. Effect of salt on their activity and stability; current level of understanding about structure-function relationship and molecular haloadaptations have also been encompassed in the chapter.