Targeted epigenome editing of plant defense genes via CRISPR activation (CRISPRa)

Abstract

Crop protection plays a central role in maintaining and increasing crop productivity. Many pathogens continue to affect crop production, however, and losses generated by pests must be halted. Thus, if farming is to support the human population, additional viable strategies for crop production and improved integrated pest management systems must be developed. Genome editing is an alternative to conventional breeding that can facilitate the molecular breeding of crops with desired properties. We propose here the implementation of targeted modification of epigenetic marks (epigenome editing via CRISPR activation or CRISPRa) to activate plant defense genes to confer resistance against pathogen attack. Work on CRISPRa in plants is lacking, although its potential application to crops is one of the greatest challenges in the field. Future exploitation of this approach in crop improvement programs will reduce important economic losses and benefit society.