Frontal sinus malignancies

Abstract

Frontal sinus malignancies are very rare, and tumour extension from adjacent structures is more common than primary frontal sinus tumours. Tumours are often very advanced at presentation due to vague early symptoms, and a high index of suspicion should be maintained for patients with unilateral, persistent or worsening symptoms despite medical therapy. Depending on the site and extension of the tumour, patients may complain of pain, nasal obstruction, swelling, bleeding, numbness, epiphora or diplopia. Frontal sinus malignancies can be divided into four groups according to their site of origin: primary tumours of frontal sinus mucosa; tumours that extend into the frontal sinus from adjacent regions; tumour deposits within the frontal sinus; and tumours arising in the bony walls of the frontal sinus. Prognosis is generally poor, but treatment is usually with surgery. Postoperative radiotherapy may improve local control and survival in some cases.