Anodes and Anode/Electrolyte Interfaces for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries

Abstract

Includes index. This book provides an authoritative source of information on the use of nanomaterials to enhance the performance of existing electrochemical energy storage systems and the manners in which new such systems are being made possible. The book covers the state of the art of the design, preparation, and engineering of nanoscale functional materials as effective catalysts and as electrodes for electrochemical energy storage and mechanistic investigation of electrode reactions. It also provides perspectives and challenges for future research. A related book by the same editors is: Nanomaterials for Fuel Cell Catalysis. Preface; Contents; Contributors; About the Editors; Chapter 1: Next-Generation Nanostructured Lithium-Ion Cathode Materials: Critical Challenges for New Directions in RandD; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Layered Compounds (LiMO2); 1.2.1 LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2; 1.2.2 LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM); 1.2.3 LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA); 1.2.4 xLi2MnO3 (1-x)LiMO2 (M=Transition Metals); 1.3 Spinel Compounds; 1.3.1 LiMn2O4 (LMO); 1.3.2 High-Voltage LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (LMNO); 1.4 Olivine Compounds (LiMPO4); 1.5 Summary and Future Prospects; References. Chapter 2: Li2MnSiO4 Nanostructured Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Attraction of Li2MnSiO4 as a Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode; 2.3 Challenges of Lithium Manganese Orthosilicate (Li2MnSiO4) Cathodes; 2.3.1 Multiple Structural Forms; 2.3.2 Low Lithium-Ion Diffusion Rates; 2.3.3 Low Electronic Conductivity; 2.3.4 Volumetric Changes and Amorphization; 2.4 Advantages of Nanostructuring Li2MnSiO4 Cathodes; 2.4.1 Carbon Coating; 2.4.2 Maximizing the Surface Area; 2.4.3 Reducing the Lithium-Ion Diffusion Length. 2.5 Synthesis and Electrochemistry of Nanostructured Li2MnSiO42.5.1 Pechini Sol-Gel Synthesis; 2.5.2 Alternative Sol-Gel Routes; 2.5.3 Solution Synthesis; 2.5.4 Polyol Synthesis; 2.5.5 Hydrothermal Synthesis; 2.5.6 Molten Carbonate Flux Synthesis; 2.5.7 Supercritical Solvothermal Synthesis; 2.5.7.1 Monodisperse Li2MnSiO4 Particles; 2.5.7.2 Nanosheet Morphology; 2.5.7.3 The Use of Surfactants to Create Complex Nanostructures; 2.5.8 Using Carbon Supports; 2.5.8.1 Reduced Graphene Oxide Networks; 2.5.8.2 Electrospinning to Form Li2MnSiO4/Carbon Nanofiber Cathodes. 2.5.9 Macroporous and Mesoporous Structures2.5.9.1 Mesoporous, Carbon-Supported Li2MnSiO4; 2.5.9.2 Mesoporous Cathodes from a Mesoporous Silica Template; 2.5.9.3 Hierarchical Macroporous and Microporous Li2MnSiO4; 2.6 Spray Pyrolysis; 2.7 Conclusion; References; Chapter 3: Metal Oxides and Lithium Alloys as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Lithium Intercalation/Deintercalation Reaction-Based Anode Materials; 3.2.1 Titanium-Based Oxides; 3.2.1.1 Spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO); 3.2.1.2 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2); TiO2 anatase; TiO2 rutile; TiO2 brookite. 3.3 Alloying-Dealloying Reaction-Based Anodes3.3.1 Binary Tin Oxides; 3.3.1.1 Tin Dioxide, SnO2; 3.3.1.2 Tin Monoxide, SnO; 3.3.2 Ternary Tin Oxides, MxSnOy; 3.4 Conversion (Redox) Reaction-Based Anodes; 3.4.1 Transition Metal Oxides with Rock Salt Structure (TMO;, Fe, Co, Ni, or Cu); 3.4.2 Transition Metal Oxides with Spinel Structure (TM3O4, Fe, or Mn); 3.5 Lithium Alloys; 3.5.1 Silicon; 3.5.2 Tin, Sn; 3.6 Summary and Future Perspective; References; Chapter 4: Sn-Based Alloy Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Preparation, Multi-scale Structure, and Performance; 4.1 Introduction.