Inherent Effects of Single-Particle Confinement

Abstract

In the previous chapter, we have discussed the effects of field imperfections on the motion of a single confined particle in a Penning trap. These effects can in principle be avoided, and can in reality be minimised by careful choice of parameters and of the trap manufacturing details. Here, we will discuss effects that are inherent to the confinement situation and can thus not be avoided even in principle.