Control in vitro de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides aislado de la pitaya amarilla de Huambo (Selenicereus megalanthus)

Abstract

RESUMEN Este ensayo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el control in vitro de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides aislado de la pitaya amarilla de Huambo (Selenicereus megalanthus). En laboratorio se estudiaron 5 tratamientos: [T1 = Serenade ASO (2‰), T2 = EM-1 (5‰), T3 = EM-1 (10‰), T4 = Silvacur Combi 30 EC (2,0‰) y T5 = Testigo (sin fungicida)]. Serenade ASO es un fungicida biológico que contiene la cepa QST 713 de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens y para el uso del EM-1, el producto fue activado siguiendo un protocolo previamente establecido. Para la prueba in vitro se utilizó la técnica del alimento envenenado, se trabajó con una temperatura de incubación de 25 ºC y se midió el crecimiento radial del patógeno a los 2, 5, 7 y 9 días, después de la siembra. El fungicida biológico Serenade ASO (2‰) inhibió completamente el crecimiento micelial de C. gloeosporioides. El efecto fue similar al del fungicida convencional Silvar combi (2‰), es decir, ambos tuvieron una eficacia del 100%. El EM-1 (10‰) tuvo una eficacia del 89%, permitiendo un crecimiento de medio a alto del hongo. Serenade ASO y EM-1 se mostraron como productos alternativos a los fungicidas convencionales para el control de la antracnosis en pitaya. ABSTRACT The study was done to evaluate the in vitro control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, isolated from the Huambo yellow pitaya (Selenicereus megalanthus). In the laboratory, 5 treatments were studied [T1 = Serenade ASO (2‰), T2 = EM-1 (5‰), T3 = EM-1 (10‰), T4 = Silvacur Combi 30 EC (2.0‰) and T5 = Control (without fungicide)]. Serenade ASO, is a biological fungicide that contains the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain QST 713 and for the use of EM-1, the product was activated following a previously established protocol. For the in vitro test, the "Poisoned food technique" was used, an incubation temperature of 25 ºC was used and the radial growth of the pathogen was measured at 2, 5, 7 and 9 days after sowing. The biological fungicide, Serenade ASO (2‰), completely inhibited the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides, the effect was similar to that of the conventional fungicide Silvar combi (2‰), that is, both had an efficacy of 100%. EM-1 (10‰), had an efficiency of 89%, allowing a medium to high growth of the fungus. Serenade ASO and EM-1 were shown as alternative products to conventional fungicides for the control of "anthracnose" in pitaya.