Management of complications of ketamine abuse

Abstract

Since 1985, ketamine, a frequently used human and veterinary anaesthetic, has been listed as an essential medicine by the World Health Organization. This N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist has also been used and studied extensively for its role in the treatment of depression. Owing to its potential implications on health when used illicitly, at least 60 countries have already put ketamine under national control. Its illicit use has been reported on a global scale, so are its delirious complications from chronic abuse. The detrimental effects of ketamine abuse encompass different organ systems, where long-lasting complications on the genitourinary, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and neuropsychiatric systems stood out. In this relatively new entity of ketamine-associated complications, the importance of proper assessment and building of good rapport is emphasized. Abstinence is the first key for the successful management of its complications. Both medical and surgical management have its role in the multidisciplinary management.