Global warming, marine invertebrates, and saudi arabia coast on the red sea: An updated review

Abstract

Continuing humanitarian activities at their current pace will increase the accumulation of greenhouse gases emissions, as indicated by climate change scenarios proposed by many researchers. It is believed that the anthropogenic CO2 is the primary responsible for global warming in terrestrial environments and this rise led to the absorption of CO2 in the oceans, which increases the dangers marine animals may face during the coming decades. In addition to the high level of sea water, high water temperature, lack of oxygen, and salinity increase, it is also expected that the concentration of CO2 will rise, so that the chemistry of the sea water will move towards acidity. These impacts may have dire consequences on marine ecosystems and the biodiversity of marine organisms. It is believed that marine invertebrates (especially marine invertebrates with carbonic structures), will be highly vulnerable to global warming, threatening these species existence in their current locations or perhaps expose them to extinction. The Red Sea is a miniature ocean characterized by its biodiversity and the presence of a large number of coral reef communities. It is considered one of the most elevated marine systems in its temperature and salinity, but the researches on the impact of climate change on marine invertebrates are very few, especially in the middle region of the coast in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which is the region that we invite researchers to shed light on.