Utilizations, vulnerability and conservation practices of Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon (Apocynaceae), a high value local species in Burkina Faso

Abstract

Background: Saba senegalensis is a woody liana that provides medicinal products, food, income and ecological benefit (soil and water conservation) to the populations in sub-Saharan Africa. In Burkina Faso, the species is mismanaged by the local population, but few studies have been conducted on its uses. This study seeks to understand the local knowledge of S. senegalensis uses and its vulnerability. Methods: Semi-structured ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in the provinces characterized by slightly (Houet), moderately (Mouhoun) and severely (Yatenga) dry climate in Burkina Faso. A total of 180 randomly selected individuals responded to the questionnaire. Socio-demographic characteristics of the informants, the plant parts used, and the categories of uses were recorded. Analyses included an index of uses and vulnerability, importance values of plant parts used, and frequency calculations. Results: Local knowledge of S. senegalensis uses varied according to the locality and informant age. Seven use categories were identified: traditional medicine, food, construction, fodder, handicrafts, domestic energy, and magic. All vegetative organs of S. senegalensis are used. The species’ vulnerability index (IV=2.75) is higher than 2.50, making it vulnerable. The leaves and tendrils plant are the most common plant parts used in traditional medicines. Generally, crude drugs are used in the form of decoction, followed by infusion forms. The diversity of medicinal uses of S. senegalensis highlights the need for future ethno-pharmacological studies of the species. Exploitation of the fruits of the species contributes substantially to food and nutritional security and to improving the living conditions of local populations. Conclusion: Our findings provide essential information for decision-making for effective domestication initiatives for S. senegalensis. The findings also provide a baseline for future research into the development of value chains for the species. They also draw attention to the need for conservation measures for the plant.