Multimodal signalling of ovulation in human and non-human primates

Abstract

Communication in primates is based on multiple elements of signals, often expressed in different modalities. While some individual primate signals are relatively well described for a particular cue (e.g. copulation calls, sexual swellings) or for one specific dimension of a signal (e.g. the size of sexual swellings), few studies have simultaneously investigated the role of multiple signals and cues in the same communicative context. This paper reviews comparative evidence on primate sexual communication, specifically concerning multimodal sexual signalling of ovulation and mating strategies. A comparison is made across primate species, including humans, of the characteristics of different female sexual cues and signals (behavioural, visual, auditory and olfactory) and of their potential roles in the discrimination of the timing of ovulation. The possible selective reasons for such multimodal signalling are discussed.