Flood monitoring using ndwi and mndwi spectral indices: A case study of aghqala flood-2019, Golestan Province, Iran

Abstract

Assessment of changes of water bodies and vegetation by traditional methods is very difficult and costly. The use of satellite data makes it possible to study water bodies and vegetation more accurately and cost effectively. Accordingly, various digital methods have been developed to discover and detect changes of earth's surface features. Flood is one of the important factors contributing to the destruction of natural resources. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the flood areas in the Aghqala area in Golestan province of Iran. The level of water bodies in the spring of 2018 and 2019 was compared and evaluated based on the NDWI and MNDWI indices using Landsat images. The results showed that water bodies' area in the spring of 2018 was 24.13 km2 which increased to 185.34 km2 at 2019 using NDWI; while the MNDWI due to the excessive sensitivity to the water considered agriculture wetlands as an area of water bodies. Therefore, the NDWI yielded more logical results. Also, change detection methods based on spectral and radiometric information using indices are more accurate than the classification maps and more changes can be shown. Using satellite imagery to monitor changes is essential to facilitate the planning of natural hazards management.