Weighted average pointwise mutual information for feature selection in text categorization

Abstract

Mutual information is a common feature score in feature selection for text categorization. Mutual information suffers from two theoretical problems: It assumes independent word variables, and longer documents are given higher weights in the estimation of the feature scores, which is in contrast to common evaluation measures that do not distinguish between long and short documents. We propose a variant of mutual information, called Weighted Average Pointwise Mutual Information (WAPMI) that avoids both problems. We provide theoretical as well as extensive empirical evidence in favor of WAPMI. Furthermore, we show that WAPMI has a nice property that other feature metrics lack, namely it allows to select the best feature set size automatically by maximizing an objective function, which can be done using a simple heuristic without resorting to costly methods like EM and model selection. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.