A Study on Risk Factors among Patients Suffering Urolithiasis

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Having stones at any location in the urinary tract is referred to as urolithiasis. Calcium oxalate and/or phosphate stones account for almost 70% of all renal stones observed in economically developed countries.2 The average lifetime risk of stone formation has been reported in the range of 5-10%.Many literatures and studies mentioned that there is no exact cause of urinary calculi but there are a number of genetic body reaction to certain metabolic and chemical conditions and life style risks that contribute to renal calculi formation.5-7 The common risk factors are age, sex, climate, season, stress, fluid intake, occupation, affluence, diet, genetic and metabolic changes. OBJECTIVES : 1. To study the socio-demographic profile of patients with renal calculi 2. To study the risk factors among patients with renal calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 253 patients of urolithiasis were included in our study and data regarding various socio demographic and risk factors was collected. RESULTS: Out of total 253 studied patients who were diagnosed to have urolithiasis 147 (58.1%) were males and 104 (41.9%) were females. About 58% patients were between 25-55 years age. Among risk factors, most common risk factor for urolithiasis was non veg diet (in 86% patients), followed by coffee and tea consumption, (in 73%), stress full life (in 49%). CONCLUSION: Modifiable risk factors like non vegetarian diet, consumption of tea and coffee, high salt intake, less water intake, stress, less physical activities, alcohol intake, play important role in pathogenesis of urolithiasis. So knowledge of these risk factors, and avoidance of these factors specially in whom, those have family history of renal stone, or past history of any stone would be crucial for prevention to this disease.