Identification and differentiation of opaque chinese overglaze yellow enamels by raman spectroscopy and supporting techniques

Abstract

Using Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction, the Pb-Sn-Sb triple oxide yellow and lead-tin yellow have been identified on two pieces of cloisonné enamel (Falangcai) porcelains. Lead-tin yellow and lead antimonate yellow have been identified on famille rose porcelains manufactured before and after 1911, respectively. The replacement of the Pb-Sn-Sb triple oxide yellow by lead-tin yellow and that of the lead-tin yellow by lead antimonate yellow are discussed. © University of Oxford, 2009.