Flows induced by temperature fields

Abstract

In the framework of the classical fluid dynamics, no time-independent flow is induced in a gas without an external force, such as the gravity, by the effect of its temperature field. In a rarefied gas, on the other hand, the temperature field of a gas (often in combination with a solid boundary) plays an important role in inducing time-independent flows. Two examples were discussed in Sections 4.2, 4.3, and 4.6.2. In this chapter, we will discuss various flows induced by temperature fields and their application to a vacuum pump without a moving part.