Phenylboronic acid-derived nanovectors for gene/drug delivery by targeting cell surface glycans

Abstract

Due to their high affinity for sialic acid (SA), which is commonly overexpressed in malignant cells, phenylboronic acid (PBA)-decorated nanoparticles efficiently transfer genes to the desired region. These nanoparticles can have unique applications in drug/gene delivery research.Gene mutations within cells can lead to cancer, a global health challenge affecting millions worldwide. In combating cancer, various treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been employed. However, the distinct underlying genetic abnormalities causing the cancer are sometimes not addressed by conventional treatments. Adding to these obstacles, targeted therapy is another continuing challenge in cancer treatment. According to recent reports, phenylboronic acid (PBA)-decorated nanoparticles efficiently transfer genes to the intended location due to their strong affinity for sialic acid (SA), which is typically overexpressed in cancerous cells. These PBA-decorated nanoparticles may connect to cancer cells specifically, which enables them to target and deliver the cargo to cancer cells. Therefore, the present review concentrates on the role of PBA-decorated nanoparticles in gene/drug delivery. It includes a discussion on various boronic acid (BA)-conjugated macromolecules. We begin with an exploration of the chemistry underlying BA and its utility in effective delivery. Furthermore, the review elaborates on its application as a targeting ligand, providing a promising avenue for more precise and effective cancer treatment strategies.