In vitro study of alginate-gelatin scaffolds incorporated with silica NPs as injectable, biodegradable hydrogels

Abstract

Porous substrates composed of biodegradable polymers and nanoparticles have found extensive use as three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to regenerate damaged tissues through the incorporation of cells or growth factors. Here, injectable thermally responsive hydrogels based on SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), alginate, and gelatin biopolymers, with possible utilization for cartilage tissue engineering, are introduced. The nanocomposites contain different amounts of SiO2 NPs for reinforcement and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) for chemical crosslinking of polymer chains in the 3D hydrogel network. The cross-sectional structure of the hydrogels containing 0.25, 1.5, and 3.0% SiO2 NPs was observed by FE-SEM, confirming porous morphology with interconnected pores. Based on the rheometer analyses, by increasing the amount of SiO2 NPs, the mechanical strength of the gels can be found. In addition, in vitro biodegradation studies show that the hydrogels without SiO2 are more unstable than the hydrogels containing SiO2 NPs. In vitro biocompatibility of the products tested by MTT assay indicates that cell viability and attachment depend on the presence of SiO2 NPs.