Vitamins

Abstract

Vitamins are a group of complex organic compounds that are essential to normal functioning and metabolic reactions in the body. They are divided into two categories: fat-soluble or water-soluble. The fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E, and K. The water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C, the B-complex vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, and biotin), and perhaps choline. The B-complex vitamins are required for the energy-producing pathways and the synthesis or repair of cells in the body. Other vitamins function in maintaining immune function, protecting the body tissues from oxidative damages, and maintaining bone health. Therefore, vitamin deficiencies may influence physiological processes important to exercise or sport performance.