Genome sequencing and comparative genomics in cereals

Abstract

The economic and agricultural importance of cereals and millets has motivated whole-genome sequencing of many grass (Poaceae) taxa, empowering vigorous comparative genomics research in this family. Initial analyses of sequenced genomes have already contributed to an understanding of the occurrence of polyploidizations, genome structural changes, biological pathway evolution, evolution of gene repertoire, and other important dimensions of evolution of the members of the grass family. In-depth analysis of the sequenced genomes, along with on-going sequencing and re-sequencing efforts, will help generate knowledge about genes in cereal models. It will also shed light on other Poaceae species with more complex genomes, and will help enhance fundamental knowledge, which can be effectively used for sustainable improvement of agricultural productivity.