Problems Associated with Toilet Training

Abstract

Since Azrin and Foxx, a number of related procedures have been developed to toilet train individuals with disabilities. Nearly all of these procedures are at least partially based on the rapid toilet training method. For example, Cicero and Pfadt made use of fluid loading, graduated guidance, positive reinforcement, and a punishment procedure. Averink et al. used similar features, and added a response restriction component, in which participants were prevented from engaging in responses incompatible with appropriate toileting. Regardless of the details of the procedure used, toilet training both typically developing children and individuals with disabilities is not without complications. In some cases, individuals have behavioral problems that may interfere with the acquisition of toileting skills. These behavioral problems include aggression, self-injury, and noncompliance with the toileting procedure. In addition, because it is parents who often train their children to use the toilet appropriately, problems involving parents sometimes arise. These include resource barriers and problems with parent implementation of specific techniques. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)