Anterior-oriented proton beams for prostate cancer: A multi-institutional experience

Abstract

Background. Proton beam therapy (PBT) for prostate cancer generally involves the use of two lateral beams that transverse the hips. In patients with hip replacements or a previously irradiated hip, this arrangement is contraindicated. The use of non-lateral beams is possible, but not well described. Here we report a multi-institutional experience for patients treated with at least one non-lateral proton beam for prostate cancer. Material and methods. Between 2010 and 2014, 20 patients with organ-confined prostate cancer and a history of hip prosthesis underwent proton therapy utilizing at least one anterior oblique beam (defined as between 10° and 85° from vertical) at one of three proton centers. Results. The median follow-up was 6.4 months. No patients have developed PSA failure or distant metastases. The median planning target volume (PTV) D95 was 79.2 Gy (RBE) (range 69.7-79.9). The median rectal V70 was 9.2% (2.5-15.4). The median bladder V50, V80, and mean dose were 12.4% (3.7-27.1), 3.5 cm3 (0-7.1), and 14.9 Gy (RBE) (4.6-37.8), respectively. The median contralateral femur head V45 and max dose were 0.01 cm3 (0-16.6) and 43.7 Gy (RBE) (15.6-52.5), respectively. The incidence of acute Grade 2 urinary toxicity was 40%. There were no Grade ≥ 3 urinary toxicities. There was one patient who developed late Grade 2 rectal proctitis, with no other cases of acute or late ≥ Grade 2 gastrointestinal toxicity. Grade 2 erectile dysfunction occurred in two patients (11.1%). Mild hip pain was experienced by five patients (25%). There were no cases of hip fracture. Conclusion. PBT for prostate cancer utilizing anterior oblique beam trajectories is feasible with favorable dosimetry and acceptable toxicity. Further follow-up is needed to assess for long-term outcomes and toxicities.