A European Perspective on the Transmission of Foodborne Pathogens at the Wildlife–Livestock–Human Interface

Abstract

Zoonotic viruses of wildlife origin have caused the majority of recent emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) that have had signifi cant impacts on human health or economies. Animal consumption-based food systems, ranging from the harvest of free-ranging wild species (hereafter, wild harvest systems) to the in situ stocking of domestic or farmed wild animals (hereafter, animal production systems), have been implicated in the emergence of many of these viruses, including HIV, Ebola, SARS, and and highly pathogenic avian infl uenza (HPAI).