The significance of utilizing a corticotomy on periodontal and orthodontic outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Purpose: This systematic review compares the clinical and radiographic outcomes for patients who received only a corticotomy or periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) with those who received a conventional orthodontic treatment. Methods: An electronic search of four databases and a hand search of peer‐reviewed journals for relevant articles published in Eng-lish between January 1980 and June 2021 were performed. Human clinical trials of ≥ 10 patients treated with a corticotomy or PAOO with radiographic and/or clinical outcomes were included. Meta‐analyses were performed to analyze the weighted mean difference (WMD) and confidence interval (CI) for the recorded variables. Results: Twelve articles were included in the quantitative analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed a localized corticotomy distal to the canine can significantly increase canine distalization (WMD = 1.15 mm, 95% CI = 0.18–2.12 mm, p = 0.02) compared to a conventional orthodontic treatment. In addition, PAOO also showed a significant gain of buccal bone thickness (WMD = 0.43 mm, 95% CI = 0.09–0.78 mm, p = 0.01) and an improvement of bone density (WMD = 32.86, 95% CI = 11.83–53.89, p = 0.002) compared to the corticotomy group. Con-clusion: Based on the findings of the meta‐analyses, the localized use of a corticotomy can significantly increase the amount of canine distalization during orthodontic treatment. Additionally, the use of a corticotomy as a part of a PAOO procedure significantly increases the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and it is accompanied by an increased buccal bone thickness and bone density compared to patients undergoing a conventional orthodontic treatment.