3D Printing Technologies

Abstract

Front Cover; 3D Printing in Medicine; Copyright Page; Contents; List of contributors; 1 Introduction to 3D printing in medicine; 1.1 3D printing is the latest industrial revolution; 1.1.1 Brief history of 3D printing; 1.1.2 Basic components of 3D printing; 1.2 3D bioprinting in medicine; 1.2.1 3D bioprinting approaches; 1.2.1.1 Biomimicry; 1.2.1.2 Independent self-assembly; 1.2.1.3 Miniature-tissue blocks; 1.2.2 Feasibility of organ printing technology; 1.2.3 In vivo behavior of 3D printed organ constructs; 1.3 Advantages of 3D printing for medicine. 1.3.1 Applications of 3D printing in medicine1.3.1.1 3D printing for surgical templates and diagnostic tools; 1.3.1.2 Organ printing technology; 1.3.1.3 3D disease modeling; 1.3.1.4 3D printing for commercial pharmaceutical products; 1.3.1.5 4D Bioprinting; 1.3.2 Limitations and challenges of 3D printing; 1.4 Future of 3D printing in medicine; References; 2 3D printing families: laser, powder, nozzle based techniques; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Classification of 3D printing techniques; 2.2.1 Resin-based systems; 2.2.2 Powder-based systems; 2.2.3 Extrusion-based systems; 2.2.4 Droplet-based systems. 2.3 Conclusions and future trendsReferences; 3 Materials for 3D printing in medicine: metals, polymers, ceramics, hydrogels; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Biomaterials; 3.1.2 Biocompatibility of biomaterials; 3.2 Metals; 3.2.1 Conventional metals and their alloys; 3.2.1.1 Titanium and its alloys; 3.2.1.2 Stainless steel, other metals, and alloys; 3.2.2 Shape memory alloys; 3.2.3 Biodegradable metals; 3.3 Bio-ceramics and bioactive glasses; 3.3.1 Nondegradable bio-ceramics; 3.3.2 Biodegradable and bioactive ceramics and glasses; 3.4 Polymers; 3.5 Hydrogels; 3.5.1 Bioinks for 3D bioprinting. 3.5.2 Natural polymer derived hydrogels3.5.2.1 ECM derived hyrdogels; 3.5.2.2 Nonmammalian sources derived polysaccharides; 3.5.3 Synthetic polymer derived hydrogels; 3.6 Summary and outlook; Acknowledgments; References; 4 Computational analyses and 3D printed models: a combined approach for patient-specific studies; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Patient specific models: image reconstruction; 4.3 Patient specific models: 3D Manufacturing; 4.4 Computer simulations of patient specific cardiac models; 4.5 Patient specific models: the current regulatory perspective. 4.6 Future perspective of patient specific models in cardiovascular applicationsReferences; 5 Patient specific in situ 3D printing; 5.1 Patient specific 3D printing; 5.1.1 Personalized medicine; 5.1.2 Introduction to the technology: 3D printing in personalized medicine; 5.1.3 Patient specific 3D model creation and design of tissue/organs; 5.2 Current medical applications for 3D printing; 5.2.1 3D bioprinting of organs and tissues; 5.2.1.1 3D bioprinting in vitro; 5.2.1.2 In situ 3D bioprinting directly to the defect/wound site.