Application of nanomaterials toward development of nanobiosensors and their utility in agriculture

Abstract

Nanobiosensor is a modified biosensor, a compact analytical device incorporating a biologically sensitized element onto a physicochemical transducer with miniature structure when compared to conventional biosensors. This can be used for sensing the variety of fertilizers, herbicide, pesticide, insecticide, pathogens, etc. and support sustainable agriculture for enhancing crop productivity. Thus nanomaterial utilities have emerged as a boon to our society. Day to day total land and water resources for agriculture are declining and reported huge loss in agricultural product due to the ever use of increasing level of herbicides, pesticides, and heavy metals. Recently nanomaterial-based technology emerged as an evolving field to revolutionize agricultural systems (sustainable) which enhance the quality of the agricultural products. This book chapter focuses on the utility of nanobiosensors in agriculture to monitoring of soil quality, pH, humidity, microbial load, etc. to enhance productivity. Nanomaterials have also a profound impact on energy, the economy, and the environment. New prospects for integrating nanotechnologies into nanobiosensors must be explored pertaining to any potential disadvantages to the environment or to human health. With targeted efforts by governments and academics in developing such agroproducts, thus nanotechnology will be transformative in the field of agriculture by focused R&D toward the goals for attaining sustainable agriculture. Recently, nanomaterial-based biosensors exhibit fascinating prospects over traditional biosensors. Nanobiosensors have potential advantages such as enhanced detection sensitivity/specificity in its applications in different fields including environmental and bioprocess control, quality control of food, agriculture, biodefence, and, particularly, medical fields. But here we are concerned with the role of nanomaterials and nanobiosensor in agriculture and agroproducts. Some of their potential applications are discussed in this book chapter.